Cumpatare si cheltuieli – finante personale
|Aud multe persoane ce au din pacate probleme financiare. Sunt prietene si prieteni ai mei, sunt proprietari de firme si asa mai departe.
Vad in acelasi timp multa risipa: cheltuieli realizate intr-un moment nepotrivit, lipsa unei prioritizari a modului in care se fac diverse plati. Si nu e doar cazul femeilor: sunt atat de multi barbati mana-sparta!
Tocmai din aceste motive – si poate si pentru ca niciodata nu m-am incadrat in tiparul cheltuitoarei si nici al pasionatei de cumparaturi – am ales sa scriu astazi cateva randuri despre finantele personale si prioritizarea cheltuielilor in speranta ca acestea pot deveni sfaturi de real ajutor pentru unii si ca pot fi completate in comentarii de alte si alte idei care sa ajute la siguranta financiara a tuturor (sau cat mai multor) buzunare.
Lista cheltuielilor obligatorii. Exista un buget disponibil pe luna – salariu sau alte venituri. Se cunosc datele la care acesti bani vin. Primul lucru pentru a asigura o liniste este stabilirea listei de cheltuieli fixe pe luna: intretinere, energie electrica, telefon, cablu, chirie etc. – in functie de cazul fiecarei persoane in parte. Rotunjiti in plus pentru ca doar astfel aveti sansa de a evita anumite probleme si lipsuri ulterioare cand veti remarca faptul ca nu ati pus suma acoperitoare, ci una mai mica. Intotdeauna e mai bine sa va prisoseasca, sa va ramana ceva dupa realizarea platilor decat sa va lipseasca.
Verificati bugetul ramas si incercati sa prevedeti cheltuieli ce pot aparea. S-ar putea sa va doriti sa achizitionati o colectie de carti aparuta cu un ziar. Va permiteti acel cost? S-ar putea ca intr-o anumita luna sa fie ziua unei rude sau a unui prieten, sa aveti un botez sau alte asemenea ocazii oficiale. Se presupune ca pe toate acestea le veti putea prevedea – pe cele personale – sau le cunoasteti in avans – aniversarile, diversele invitatii (nunta etc.). Verificati costurile adiacente impuse: daca tot am vorbit de o nunta ganditi-va nu doar la cat va costa totul, ci si la ce va mai trebuie pe langa (e posibil ca pantofii sa se fi rupt sau rochia de seara sa nu va mai incapa; daca nu aveti cu ce s-o inlocuiti… atunci da, va trebuie una noua. Aveti de unde imprumuta? Va permiteti sa cumparati? – iata cateva intrebari la care trebuie sa va raspundeti cat mai sincer). Ganditi-va si daca veti dori sa iesiti undeva cu prietenii – cate iesiri, buget pentru fiecare etc.
Nu va mai temeti sa spuneti Nu. Un refuz nu este atat de greu de oferit si nimeni nu va tine pistolul la cap atunci cand va invita undeva. Daca stiti ca nu va permiteti sa mergeti (la un concert dar chiar si la o banala cafea) mai bine refuzati decat sa va creati incurcaturi, sa va depasiti plapuma. Acest refuz are legatura cu inca un sfat/intrebare: Aveti nevoie cu adevarat de acel nou ceva? Chiar va trebuie acea noua camasa vazuta in vitrina? Sunt la reducere produsele a, b, c si d. Vi le permiteti? Aveti nevoie urgenta de ele?
Pastrati pe cat posibil o suma de rezerva. Pot aparea oricand cheltuieli neprevazute (pe care nu aveati cum sa le stiti si sa le includeti in cadrul celor de la al doilea punct al acestui material). Trebuie sa aveti bani pentru ele.
Economisiti. Daca va doriti ceva in mod deosebit sa stiti ca este putin probabil sa pice din cer. Strangeti bani incet-incet si va veti simti foarte bine atunci cand va veti permite achizitionarea produsului dorit.
Renuntati pe cat posibil la credite. Sunt situatii cand e nevoie de ele – nu zic nu. Dar atentie in acel caz la cat de multe va faceti si la cat de mare va va fi rata pe luna. Si cardul de credit e tentant – insa puteti sa va treziti ca aveti zeci de mii de lei datorie. Nu e si acesta un credit? Nu va sta pe creier? Alegeti cu grija pentru ce va faceti credit. Chiar merita o vacanta pe credit – pe care sa munciti pana la anul sau mai mult sa o platiti? Desigur aici exemple pot fi multe.
Aceste linii directoare sunt pentru multi fictiune. Pot spune insa ca nu sunt deloc greu de pus in practica. Puteti de pilda sa aveti cu adevarat nevoie de o suma de bani de pe cardul de credit si sa il folositi (cand apare o urgenta) insa apoi in loc sa purcedeti la noi cheltuieli, incercati sa scapati de rata. Va doriti ceva ce toti au acum? Intebati-va intai daca nu cumva e doar marketing, daca nu e doar un moft. Daca aveti cu adevarat nevoie, atunci treceti la economie. Stabiliti-va un scop si urmati-l. Si da, desigur ca trebuie sa va mai faceti cate-un moft, cate-o placere – nimeni nu zice nu. Atentie insa: putina masura in toate n-a stricat nimanui.
Voi va prioritizati cheltuielile?
Traim intr-o perioada in care suntem incurajati sa cheltuim, sa achizitionam produse multe – fie pentru ca avem nevoie de ele acum fie pentru ca poate vom avea nevoie candva, fie pentru ca sunt la reducere si nu se pot refuza, nu?
Cum ramane insa cu masura? Cumpatarea, unde a disparut ea?
Va mai aduceti aminte de vorba aceea cu bani albi pentru zile negre? Va mai aduceti aminte cum e sa economisesti din greu pentru a-ti lua ceva? V-ati gandit vreodata ca in loc de unele dintre minunatiile cumparate s-ar fi putut sa ajutati pe cineva?
Un caz specific de care m-am lovit uneori a fost când nu am putut plăti la timp totul – s-au aglomerat simultan niște cheluieli neprevăzute cu niște încasări care au întârziat. Desigur, este vorba de câteva zile, nu de luni întregi!
În astfel de cazuri, este bine să prioritizezi plățile după “ce se întâmplă dacă nu plătesc la timp”. De exemplu:
* cardul de credit neplătit la timp are dobândă mult mai mare.
* creditele la bancă suportă întârzieri de 2-3 săptămâni fără probleme.
* utilitățile pot fi sărite cu mai mult de o lună fară penalitați sau încetarea serviciului.
* taxele și impozitele au penalități pentru neplata la timp, dar sunt relativ mici (verifică cu un contabil)
* benzina, revizia, asigurările, ITP-ul la mașină nu sunt obligatorii (dar evident, nu poți să mai mergi cu mașina dacă ai ITP-ul expirat sau nu ai asigurare RCA). În caz de criză, abandonează mașina și mergi cu transportul în comun.
… și tot așa. Dacă tot trebuie să sacrifici ceva, amână pentru câteva săptămâni cheltuielile care au cele mai puțin grave urmări.
Intr-adevar: prioritizarea cheltuielilor este esentiala – din pacate insa si uitata de multi. Iti multumesc pentru completari – sunt relevante sunt sigura pentru toti cei ce citesc acest blog si aceasta insemnare.
Mult succes in afaceri si la cat mai putine venituri intarziate – astfel incat sa nu mai fie plati intarziate!
bune sfaturile, dar cateodat….
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Cumpatare si cheltuieli – finante personale | Violeta-Loredana Pascal. Afaceri, imagine, comunicare, relatii publice si personal
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